فصلنامه اخلاق زیستی
پیاپی 11 (بهار 1393)

Rehabilitation is a dynamic and health oriented process that helps persons with disability to achieve acceptable quality of life, self-respect and independence. Rehabilitation is rife with ethical dilemmas which some of them are only restricted to this subject. These problems are seen in health care as the tension between two or more morally defensible alternative health care actions. The key underpinning of an ethical problem is commonly viewed as a conflict of defensible values or moral principles related to the possible alternative health care actions relevant to a particular clinical situation. Reasoned solution of ethical problems in rehabilitation, need to grounding ethics in the political realms in a broad sense and policies resulted from public debates.

Nowadays despite of care team’s attempts and existence of broad facilities، amount of dissatisfaction and patient’s compliant is increasing. Undoubtedly، main part of patient’s satisfaction is related to respecting their rights by staffs of medical centers. Hence، this research aimed to determine nurses and patient’s awareness of patient rights charter and amount of respecting it in limited surgical centers in Kerman city. In this descriptive cross sectional study، 384 patients and all nurses (24) working at limited surgery centers participated. Data was collected using two questionnaires. Results showed that awareness of patient’s charter 80. 2 percent was at a good level and amount of respecting patient’s charter 52/6 percent was at good level that the relationship between awareness of and respect to patient rights was statistically significant. Also، there was a significant relationship between awareness level and sex، care center، insurance type and between amount of respecting and insurance type. Maximum and minimum amount of respecting was in the right of receiving good health item and right of receiving enough information item. Despite of being patients and nurses awareness at a good level، respecting to it wasn’t at a good level. So، there may be some other factors rather than awareness which play role in this area. Thus، following the negligence of patient’s rights، approving laws for enforcing it and monitoring their implementation is necessary for improving patient’s satisfaction.

The spirituality crisis is one of the Consequences of the modern age. Studies and experience show that for growth and spirituality obtaining، it’s necessary that the issues such as Cognition، attention، action and turning to religion and its precepts، take priority. From Islamic view، the sacred institution of the family is one of the major centers and cores of production and export of spirituality. In Islam، the Philosophy of making family، as the smallest social institution، is making love، joy، holiness، spirituality، health، peace، prosperity and growth for its members and the community. But the obstacles and damages not only doesn’t cause ascendancy and spiritual promotion of family، in its formation process، But also، as a reversed result، make it disjointed. Therefore، the aim of this paper is recognition and analyzing the most important pests and digressions that hinder spiritual growth of the family based on Islamic criteria. It is assumed that the issues such as aversion to marriage، refrain from generation producing، family relationships loss، extravagance and luxury، changes in sleep-wake style and so on are because of weaknesses in the cognitive، moral and religious beliefs and values، and organized media propaganda. They are major obstacles that have plagued many Muslim families and have led to a decline in moral values. This article is based on research conducted in libraries and documentation.

Preface: nowadays، citizenship is permanent and vital style of human life. Existing some problems and socio-cultural issues in our cities is above than global standards. This is annoying citizens in short times also have effects on common development process of country and have a negative effect on macro policies included economic، political and social and so on. Some experts believe that if does not institutionalized ethics and civil rights in society، relationship between people and government will become gloomy. Aim of study is Study on ethics and civil rights in society and people’s expectation of government. Because this is important for me. this survey was conducted with cluster sampling among Tehran citizens age of 18 above (994 person). This conducted in three phase: first we select some blocks in random among whole blocks of Tehran. In second phase، some families of these blocks selected in random and finally we interview with one of the members of those families that have qualifications and data collected with questionnaire. findings indicate that there is significant and positive relationship between three dimensions included civil and law rights، political rights of citizens and social rights of citizens with citizens commitments for government. This means that increasing citizen rights will increase citizen ethics and commitments. citizen ethics and commitments are process that should consider as a basic goal and should be structure gradually. We do not expect whole and fast changes in this area.

In the all profession and jobs existing، degree of continuous and normative commitment is of notable pillar and requirement of interest، satisfaction، delight، motivation to work، long-term investment in job and work quality and services. Especially، in doctors who have the most important role in society as a doctor، having that individual characteristic، is effective factor on job motivation and work quality. Some parts of issues considered in sociology of profession and work and social psychology and sociology of industry is related to cultural، social and environmental factors effecting continuous and normative commitment of persons. In this article provided from findings taken from an empirical study on social factors effecting on continuous and normative commitment of doctors in Tehran، we try to investigate and study scientifically some social factors effecting on continuous and normative commitment such as social support and job satisfaction and so on. Using the survey method and applying statistical methods related to determining the volume of sample، about 396 doctors have chosen by probable cluster as a sampling method trough 44202 doctors in Tehran and we collected required data and information using standard questionnaire. Data processed and analyzed by SPSS software. With regard to findings، variables as job satisfaction، motivation and job pressure and social support have significant relationship with continuous and normative commitment of doctors. Continuous and normative commitment not varies with regard to gender and age variables. Most correlation in continuous and normative commitment is for satisfaction، social support in sequent. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that variables such as job satisfaction، job pressure and motivation have explained 35 percent of variations of continuous and normative commitment of doctors. whatever doctors have a high level satisfaction so they have high level continuous and normative commitment. Relatives of doctors، social condition، and exclusive characteristics of job are some sources of satisfaction creation. In this research، we found that whatever doctors have a better level of social support and job satisfaction، they will have the best level of continuous and normative commitment and consequently we will have the safe and healthy society.

Food security is one of the main factors providing individual، social health and society development sponsor. Food security is as important as the World Bank and the FAO food security has announced the third millennium development goal. In this context، this paper aims to study the rate of food insecurity among households in Tabriz and The role of social capital in it reducing. Research survey conducted in 1391 and the study population includes the heads of households in the Tabriz city، that is approximately 378،329 households. The sample size of this research were selected 400 people for the study، Sampling method was Multi-stage random cluster sampling. Techniques of data collection have been questionnaire. Reliability analysis of food insecurity and social capital variables also show a high reliability. The data collected for analysis SPSS version 22 software was used. Research findings show that rates of food insecurity in Tabriz households are located in the lower level (10/4from 100). pearson correlation analysis also implies that the dimensions of social capital، social trust، social participation and networks of social relations is significant negative correlation with food insecurity and the three dimensions of social capital، social participation and networks of social relations have entered into the final model and this variables explained to 19 percent of the food insecurity variance. Social trust has been removed from the final model. among the three dimensions of social capital، the network of social relations and social participation are suitable for reducing household food insecurity in Tabriz. Also among the three dimensions of social capital، the network of social relations largest and most important factor is to reduce household food insecurity.